Operations At The Vale Canada Copper Cliff Mine, Smelter, And Refinery

Converter slag before being recycled at the Vale Copper Cliff Nickel Refinery in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, on Wednesday, June 1, 2022. Nickel is the key ingredient in the stainless steel used in everyday appliances, but it's also critical for the transition away from fossil fuels, since it's used in the batteries automakers need to electrify the worlds car fleet. Photographer: Cole Burston/Bloomberg via Getty Images